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The Energy policy of Russia is contained in an Energy Strategy document, which sets out policy for the period up to 2020. In 2000 the Russian government approved the main provisions of the Russian energy strategy to 2020, and in 2003 the new Russian energy strategy was confirmed by the government. The Energy Strategy document outlines several main priorities: an increase in energy efficiency, reducing impact on the environment, sustainable development, energy development and technological development, as well as improved effectiveness and competitiveness. On July 2008 Russia's president signed a law allowing the government to allocate strategic oil and gas deposits on the continental shelf without an auction procedure. On 17 February 2011, Russia signed a deal with China, stating that in return for $25 billion in Chinese loans to Russian oil companies, Russia will supply China with large quantities of crude oil via new pipelines for the next 20 years.〔()〕 Oil and gas comprise over 60% of Russia's exports and make up over 30% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP).〔http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/030315/how-does-price-oil-affect-russias-economy.asp〕 Russia energy policy of pumping 10.6 million barrels of oil a day〔http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/russia-sees-2015-oil-output-at-10-6-million-barrels-per-day/513149.html〕 is nearly 4 billion barrels annually. Russia proven oil reserves are 100 billion barrels. Russia’s available hydrocarbon potential will be able to provide the nation’s growing economy for 30 years.〔http://www.rt.com/business/russia-oil-gas-reserves-putin-015/〕 Russia's energy policy and a finite, depleting amount of oil and pumping more oil at a low oil price, creates issues for Russia's economy today and in the future.〔http://www.forbes.com/sites/paulroderickgregory/2015/05/14/a-russian-crisis-with-no-end-in-sight-thanks-to-low-oil-prices-and-sanctions/〕 ==Overview== The economy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was based on a system of state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, industrial manufacturing and centralized administrative planning. The economy was characterized by state control of investment, and public ownership of industrial assets. The Soviet Union invested heavily into infrastructure projects including the electrification of vast areas, and the construction and maintenance of natural gas and oil pipelines that stretch out of Russia and into every constituent nation of the USSR. This type of investment set the stage for Russia to become an Energy Superpower in the modern age. The idea of a Russian national energy policy was approved by the government of Russia in 1992. At the same time government decided to develop the Energy Strategy of Russia. For this purpose the Interagency Commission was established. In December 1994, the ''Energy Strategy of Russia (Major Provisions)'' was approved by the government, followed by the presidential decree from 7 May 1995 confirming the first post-Soviet Russian energy strategy ''On the Main Directions of Energy Policy and Restructuring of the Fuel and Energy Industry of the Russian Federation for the Period up to the Year 2010'', and the governmental decision from the 13 October 1995 approving the ''Main provisions for the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation''. The strategy was changed under the presidency of Vladimir Putin. On 23 November 2000, the Russian government approved main provisions of the Russian energy strategy to 2020. On 28 May 2002, the Russian Ministry of Energy gave an elaboration on the main provisions. Based on these documents, the new Russian energy strategy up to 2020 was approved on 23 May 2003 and confirmed by the government on 28 August 2003. The main objective of Russian energy strategy is defined to be the determination of ways of reaching a better quality of fuel and energy mix and enhancing the competitive ability of Russian energy production and services in the world market. For this purpose the long-term energy policy should concentrate on energy safety, energy effectiveness, budget effectiveness and ecological energy security.〔name=summary>〕 As percentages of the world's total reserves, Russia holds 45% of the gas, 23% of the coal, 14% of the uranium, and 13% of the oil. Russian oil production and export has increased significantly since 2000, and in 2006 temporarily exceeded Saudi Arabia’s production. Currently Russia is the world’s largest energy producer. Russia is not a member of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) and repeatedly presents itself as an alternative to middle eastern energy resources, asserting that it is in fact a “reliable energy supplier and that it only seeks to use its position as an important supplier to enhance global energy security”.〔8. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Energy policy of Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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